ALCOM, GCP/INT/436/SWE/REP/9

ALCOM, GCP/INT/436/SWE/REP/9
Aquaculture for Local Community Development Programme

HOW FISH CULTURE CAN STIMULATE ECONOMIC GROWTH: CONCLUSIONS FROM FISH FARMER SURVEYS IN ZAMBIA

by

ULF WIJKSTROM
Economist Consultant

Funding Agency :
SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

Executing Agency :
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Harare, Zimbabwe 1991

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

This report was prepared during the course of the project identified on the title page. The conclusions and recommendations given in the report are those considered appropriate at the time of its preparation. They may be modified in the light of further knowledge gained at subsequent stages of the project.

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations or the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers.


TABLE OF CONTENTS


PREFACE

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. MAIN FINDINGS

2.1 Fish Farming as an Economic Activity

2.2 Magnitude of Fish Farming

2.3 The Successful Fish Farmer

3. ECONOMIC CHANGE THROUGH FISH CULTURE

4. CHANGES TO FARMERS' NET INCOME

4.1 Poor, underemployed farmers in a stagnant economy

4.2 Poor farmers in a growing agricultural economy showing close to full employment

5. EFFECT ON THE NATIONAL SCALE : ECONOMIC GROWTH

5.1 Short-term growth

5.2 Long-term effects

5.3 Conclusions

6. EFFECTS ON THE NATIONAL SCALE : DISTRIBUTION OF DISPOSABLE INCOME

6.1 Stagnating rural economy with under employment

6.2 Growing rural economy with close to full employment

7. CONCLUSIONS : HOW MUCH GOVERNMENT EFFORT IS REASONABLE IN SUPPORT OF RURAL FISH CULTURE?

7.1 The generation of wealth

7.2 The Government's use of tax revenue

7.3 Conclusion

8. RECOMMENDATIONS : A STRATEGY BY WHICH A FISHERY DEPARTMENT MAY SUPPORT RURAL FISH CULTURE

8.1 Providing Fish Culture advice to Farmers

8.1.1 Preparation of a Programme

8.1.2 Implementation of a Programme Support to Farmers

8.1.3 Maintaining the Strategy up to date

8.2 Contacts with other Government Departments

8.2.1 The Search for Funds

8.2.2 The Role of Other Governments Departments in the Execution of Fish Culture Development Work

8.3 Organization of the Fish Culture Department

8.3.1 The Extension Effort

8.3.2 Fingerlings

8.3.3 Research and Development

ANNEXES

1. The Survey Programme and its Execution

2. Recommendations made in Survey Reports

3. Observations on Quantitative

4. Study of “Consumption Effects” accruing from Fish Farming

FIGURES

1. Basic Components of Economic Growth

2. Increase in Production of Pond-Grown Fish in a Stagnant Economy

3. Increase in Production of Pond-Grown Fish in a Growing Economy

4. Fish Produced in new Ponds built by “Old” Farmers and by this Year's Newcomers, in a Growing Economy

5. Economic Growth Resulting from Expansion of Fish Farming, in a Growing Economy

6. Farmers' Income from a kg of Fish; a Function of the Rural Economy

7. “We Generate Increased Production”

8. “We Prevent a Fall in Production”


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